Forces on Plane and Curved Surfaces | Gravity Dams & Tainter Gates


ЁЯТз Forces on Plane and Curved Surfaces (рд╕рдкрд╛рдЯ рдФрд░ рд╡рдХреНрд░ рд╕рддрд╣реЛрдВ рдкрд░ рдмрд▓)

Fluid statics рдореЗрдВ, рдЬрдм рдХрд┐рд╕реА рдлреНрд▓реВрдЗрдб рдХрд╛ рджрдмрд╛рд╡ рдХрд┐рд╕реА plane (рд╕рдкрд╛рдЯ) рдпрд╛ curved (рд╡рдХреНрд░) surface рдкрд░ рд▓рдЧрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рддреЛ рдЙрд╕ рдкрд░ рдПрдХ resultant force (рдмрд▓) рдЙрддреНрдкрдиреНрди рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕ force рдХрд╛ magnitude рдФрд░ direction рдирд┐рдХрд╛рд▓рдирд╛ рдЬрд░реВрд░реА рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЦрд╛рд╕рдХрд░ large hydraulic structures рдЬреИрд╕реЗ:

  • ЁЯМЙ Gravity Dams
  • ЁЯЪк Tainter Gates
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ЁЯУМ 1. Total Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Surface

  • Formula: F = ╧Б g A hc
  • рдЬрд╣рд╛рдВ:
    • ╧Б = Fluid density
    • g = Acceleration due to gravity
    • A = Surface area
    • hc = Center of pressure depth
  • Point of application = Center of Pressure
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ЁЯУМ 2. Forces on Curved Surfaces

  • Curved surfaces рдкрд░ pressure рдХрд╛ рд╣рд░ element рдЕрд▓рдЧ direction рдореЗрдВ рд▓рдЧрддрд╛ рд╣реИред
  • рдЗрд╕рд▓рд┐рдП, total force рдХреЛ resolve рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ:
    • ЁЯФ╣ Horizontal Component: Equal to force on vertical projection
    • ЁЯФ╣ Vertical Component: Weight of imaginary fluid above the surface
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ЁЯУШ Application 1: Gravity Dams

  1. Downstream side рдкрд░ curved surface рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИред
  2. Hydrostatic force dam рдХреЛ overturn рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИред
  3. Design рдореЗрдВ:
    • Resultant force dam рдХреЗ base рдХреЗ рдЕрдВрджрд░ рд╣реЛрдирд╛ рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдПред
    • Moments рдФрд░ sliding checks рд╣реЛрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред
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ЁЯУШ Application 2: Tainter Gates

  1. Used in spillways & barrages to control flow
  2. Gate рдХреА curved surface рдкрд░ uneven pressure рд▓рдЧрддрд╛ рд╣реИред
  3. Resultant forces рдХреЛ resolve рдХрд░ actuator design рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред
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ЁЯзо Sample Numerical (Plane Surface)

Q: A vertical gate 3m wide and 4m high is submerged in water. Find total force and center of pressure.

Solution:

  • A = 3 ├Ч 4 = 12 m┬▓
  • hc = 4/2 = 2 m
  • F = 1000 ├Ч 9.81 ├Ч 12 ├Ч 2 = 235.44 kN
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ЁЯз╛ Conclusion

Plane рдФрд░ curved surfaces рдкрд░ pressure рдХреА analysis large hydraulic structures рдХреА safety рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЬрд░реВрд░реА рд╣реИред Gravity dams рдФрд░ Tainter gates рдХрд╛ design рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╕рдордп рдЗрди forces рдХреА proper calculation critical рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИред

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