Procedure Oriented Programming (POP) vs Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Notes | Basic Computer Engineering | RGPV BTech First Year

Procedure Oriented Programming (POP) vs Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Notes | Basic Computer Engineering | RGPV BTech First Year


Procedure Oriented Programming (POP) vs Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

Programming Methodology рдХрд┐рд╕реА рднреА Software Development рдХреА рд╕рдлрд▓рддрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рднреВрдорд┐рдХрд╛ рдирд┐рднрд╛рддреА рд╣реИред Computer Programming рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рдХреЗ рджреМрд░рд╛рди рд╕рдмрд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ Procedure Oriented Programming (POP) рдХрд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рдерд╛, рд▓реЗрдХрд┐рди рдЬреИрд╕реЗ-рдЬреИрд╕реЗ Software Systems рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рддрдерд╛ Complex рд╣реЛрддреЗ рдЧрдП, Object Oriented Programming (OOP) рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рд╣реБрдЖред рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ Programming Approaches рдХреА рдЕрдкрдиреА рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рддрд╛рдПрдБ, рд▓рд╛рдн рддрдерд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХреЗ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рд╣реИрдВред

Engineering рддрдерд╛ Software Industry рдореЗрдВ POP рддрдерд╛ OOP рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЫреЛрдЯреЗ Programs рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП POP рдЙрдкрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд╣реЛрддреА рд╣реИ рдЬрдмрдХрд┐ Large Scale Enterprise Applications рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП OOP рд╕рдмрд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХреА рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИред


Introduction

Procedure Oriented Programming рдореЗрдВ Program рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рднрд┐рдиреНрди Functions рдпрд╛ Procedures рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЬрд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХ Function рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдп рдХреЛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ рдореБрдЦреНрдп рдзреНрдпрд╛рди Functions рддрдерд╛ Sequential Execution рдкрд░ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред

рджреВрд╕рд░реА рдУрд░ Object Oriented Programming рдореЗрдВ Program рдХреЛ Classes рддрдерд╛ Objects рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рд╡реНрдпрд╡рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред Data рддрдерд╛ Functions рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдХреЛ рдПрдХ рд╕рд╛рде рд░рдЦрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ Program рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ Secure, Reusable рддрдерд╛ Maintainable рдмрдирддрд╛ рд╣реИред


Definition of Procedure Oriented Programming (POP)

Procedure Oriented Programming рдПрдХ Programming Methodology рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ Program рдХреЛ рдЫреЛрдЯреЗ-рдЫреЛрдЯреЗ Functions рдпрд╛ Procedures рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рднрд╛рдЬрд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХ Procedure рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдп рдХреЛ рдкреВрд░рд╛ рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рддрдерд╛ Program Step-by-Step Execute рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред

POP = Functions + Procedures + Sequential Execution

Definition of Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

Object Oriented Programming рдРрд╕реА Programming Methodology рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ Program рдХреЛ Objects рддрдерд╛ Classes рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╕рд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕рдореЗрдВ Data рддрдерд╛ Functions рдХреЛ рдПрдХ рд╣реА Unit рдореЗрдВ рд╕рдВрдЧрдард┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред

OOP = Objects + Classes + Encapsulation + Inheritance

Characteristics of Procedure Oriented Programming

  • Function Based Programming
  • Top-Down Approach
  • Global Data Usage
  • Less Data Security
  • Sequential Program Execution
  • Suitable for Small Programs
  • Low Code Reusability
  • Difficult Maintenance in Large Projects

Characteristics of Object Oriented Programming

  • Object Based Programming
  • Bottom-Up Approach
  • Data Hiding
  • Encapsulation
  • Inheritance
  • Polymorphism
  • Abstraction
  • High Code Reusability
  • Better Security
  • Easy Maintenance

Working Principle of POP

POP рдореЗрдВ Program Execution Main Function рд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рд╛рд░рдореНрдн рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХрддрд╛ рдЕрдиреБрд╕рд╛рд░ рдЕрдиреНрдп Functions рдХреЛ Call рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рд╕рднреА Functions Global Data рдХреЛ Access рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ Data Security рдХрдо рд╣реЛ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИред

  1. Problem Analysis
  2. Function Design
  3. Program Coding
  4. Function Calls
  5. Program Execution

Working Principle of OOP

OOP рдореЗрдВ рд╕рдмрд╕реЗ рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ Classes рдмрдирд╛рдИ рдЬрд╛рддреА рд╣реИрдВред рдмрд╛рдж рдореЗрдВ рдЙрди Classes рдХреЗ Objects рдмрдирд╛рдП рдЬрд╛рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред Objects рдЕрдкрдиреЗ Data рддрдерд╛ Member Functions рдХреЗ рдорд╛рдзреНрдпрдо рд╕реЗ Communication рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред Data Access Access Specifiers рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдирд┐рдпрдВрддреНрд░рд┐рдд рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред

  1. Create Class
  2. Create Objects
  3. Initialize Data
  4. Invoke Methods
  5. Object Interaction

Advantages of Procedure Oriented Programming

  • Simple Program Structure
  • Easy Learning
  • Fast Execution
  • Suitable for Small Projects
  • Less Memory Requirement

Advantages of Object Oriented Programming

  • High Code Reusability
  • Better Security
  • Easy Maintenance
  • Scalable Software Development
  • Supports Real World Modeling
  • Easy Team Development
  • Reduced Development Cost

Limitations of POP

  • Poor Data Security
  • Code Duplication
  • Difficult Maintenance
  • Not Suitable for Large Applications
  • No Data Hiding

Limitations of OOP

  • Higher Memory Usage
  • Complex Design
  • Longer Learning Curve
  • Small Programs рдореЗрдВ Overhead

POP vs OOP Comparison

Basis Procedure Oriented Programming (POP) Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
Basic Unit Functions / Procedures Objects and Classes
Approach Top-Down Bottom-Up
Focus Functions Objects
Data Security Low High
Data Hiding Not Available Supported
Encapsulation Not Supported Supported
Inheritance Not Supported Supported
Polymorphism Not Available Available
Code Reusability Low High
Maintenance Difficult Easy
Program Size Suitable for Small Programs Suitable for Large Applications
Memory Usage Low Higher
Development Speed Fast for Small Projects Efficient for Large Projects
Examples C, Pascal C++, Java, Python, C#

Real World Examples

Application Preferred Paradigm
Calculator Program POP
Student Management System OOP
Banking Software OOP
Hospital Management System OOP
Simple Mathematical Programs POP
ERP Software OOP

Industrial Applications

  • Banking Applications
  • Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
  • Cloud Computing Platforms
  • E-Commerce Applications
  • Mobile Application Development
  • Operating Systems
  • Game Development
  • Artificial Intelligence Systems
  • Scientific Computing
  • Embedded Systems

When to Use POP?

  • Small Applications
  • Simple Mathematical Problems
  • Short Utility Programs
  • Programs with Limited Data
  • Performance Critical Low-Level Applications

When to Use OOP?

  • Enterprise Applications
  • Large Scale Software
  • Reusable Software Components
  • Multi Developer Projects
  • Real World Modeling
  • Secure Applications
  • Cloud and Distributed Systems

Viva Questions

  1. What is Procedure Oriented Programming?
  2. What is Object Oriented Programming?
  3. What is the difference between POP and OOP?
  4. Which approach is used in POP?
  5. Which approach is used in OOP?
  6. What is Encapsulation?
  7. What is Inheritance?
  8. What is Code Reusability?
  9. Which programming languages support OOP?
  10. Why is OOP preferred for large projects?

Exam Oriented Important Questions

  1. Define Procedure Oriented Programming.
  2. Define Object Oriented Programming.
  3. Differentiate between POP and OOP.
  4. Explain the characteristics of POP.
  5. Explain the characteristics of OOP.
  6. Discuss the advantages and limitations of POP.
  7. Discuss the advantages and limitations of OOP.
  8. Why is OOP more suitable than POP for large software development?

Conclusion

Procedure Oriented Programming рддрдерд╛ Object Oriented Programming рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ рдХреА рдЕрдкрдиреА-рдЕрдкрдиреА рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖рддрд╛рдПрдБ рд╣реИрдВред POP рдЫреЛрдЯреЗ рддрдерд╛ рд╕рд░рд▓ Programs рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдкрдпреБрдХреНрдд рд╣реИ, рдЬрдмрдХрд┐ OOP рдмрдбрд╝реЗ, рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рддрдерд╛ Reusable Software Systems рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╕рд░реНрд╡реЛрддреНрддрдо рд╡рд┐рдХрд▓реНрдк рдорд╛рдирд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ Software Development рдореЗрдВ OOP рдХрд╛ рд╡реНрдпрд╛рдкрдХ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХреНрдпреЛрдВрдХрд┐ рдпрд╣ Code Reusability, Data Security, Scalability рддрдерд╛ Maintainability рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред

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