Operating System Notes | Basic Computer Engineering | RGPV BTech First Year


Operating System

Operating System (OS) एक महत्वपूर्ण System Software है जो User और Computer Hardware के बीच Interface का कार्य करता है। यह Computer Resources जैसे CPU, Memory, Files तथा Input Output Devices को Manage करता है।


Introduction

Computer Hardware सीधे User के साथ कार्य नहीं कर सकता। Operating System Hardware तथा Application Software के बीच समन्वय स्थापित करता है और Computer System को Efficient तरीके से संचालित करता है।

Definition

Operating System एक System Software है जो Computer Hardware Resources को नियंत्रित करता है तथा Users और Applications को सेवाएँ प्रदान करता है।

Operating System = User Interface + Resource Manager


Functions of Operating System

  • Process Management
  • Memory Management
  • File Management
  • Device Management
  • Security Management
  • User Interface

Process Management

OS विभिन्न Processes को Create, Schedule तथा Terminate करता है।

Memory Management

Operating System Main Memory का Allocation तथा Deallocation करता है।

File Management

Files तथा Directories को Organize तथा Manage करने का कार्य OS करता है।

Types of Operating System

  • Batch Operating System
  • Multiprogramming Operating System
  • Multitasking Operating System
  • Time Sharing Operating System
  • Real Time Operating System
  • Distributed Operating System
OS Type Use
Batch OS Large Batch Jobs
Real Time OS Industrial Control
Multitasking OS Personal Computers

Examples of Operating Systems

  • Microsoft Windows
  • Linux
  • macOS
  • Android
  • iOS

Advantages

  • Efficient Resource Utilization
  • Easy User Interaction
  • Security Support
  • Multitasking Capability
  • System Stability

Applications

  • Desktop Systems
  • Servers
  • Mobile Devices
  • Cloud Platforms
  • Embedded Systems

Viva Questions

  1. What is Operating System?
  2. What are the functions of OS?
  3. What is Process Management?
  4. What is Memory Management?
  5. What is Real Time Operating System?

Exam Oriented Questions

  1. Define Operating System.
  2. Explain functions of Operating System.
  3. Describe different types of Operating Systems.
  4. Explain Memory Management.
  5. Write a note on Real Time OS.

Conclusion

Operating System Computer System का आधार है। यह Hardware Resources को नियंत्रित करता है और Users को Computer का प्रभावी उपयोग करने की सुविधा प्रदान करता है।