Mechanism of Lubrication Notes | Hydrodynamic, Boundary and Extreme Pressure Lubrication | Engineering Chemistry | RGPV BTech First Year
Mechanism of Lubrication (स्नेहन की क्रियाविधि)
Engineering Chemistry में Lubrication का Mechanism अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण विषय है। जब दो धातु सतहें (Metal Surfaces) आपस में संपर्क में आती हैं और Relative Motion करती हैं, तो उनके बीच Friction उत्पन्न होता है। इस Friction को कम करने तथा Wear को रोकने के लिए Lubricants का उपयोग किया जाता है।
Lubrication का मुख्य उद्देश्य दो सतहों के बीच एक Protective Film बनाना है जिससे Metal-to-Metal Contact न हो।
🔹 Mechanism of Lubrication क्या है?
Lubricant किस प्रकार दो गतिशील सतहों के बीच कार्य करता है और Friction तथा Wear को कम करता है, इसे Mechanism of Lubrication कहते हैं।
Operating Conditions के अनुसार Lubrication मुख्यतः तीन प्रकार का होता है:
- Hydrodynamic Lubrication
- Boundary Lubrication
- Extreme Pressure Lubrication
🔹 Classification of Lubrication Mechanisms
| Type | Operating Condition |
|---|---|
| Hydrodynamic Lubrication | Low Load, High Speed |
| Boundary Lubrication | Moderate Load and Speed |
| Extreme Pressure Lubrication | High Load, High Temperature |
1. Hydrodynamic Lubrication (Fluid Film Lubrication)
Hydrodynamic Lubrication में दो सतहों के बीच Lubricant की एक मोटी (Thick) Film बन जाती है जो दोनों सतहों को पूरी तरह अलग रखती है।
इस स्थिति में Metal-to-Metal Contact नहीं होता।
Working Principle
जब Machine Parts High Speed पर चलते हैं, तो Lubricant उनके बीच एक Continuous Fluid Film बना देता है। यह Film Load को Support करती है।
Characteristics
- Thick Lubricant Film
- No Metal Contact
- Very Low Friction
- Minimum Wear
- Long Machine Life
Advantages
- High Efficiency
- Negligible Wear
- Excellent Cooling
- Low Maintenance
Applications
- Journal Bearings
- Turbines
- High Speed Shafts
- Electric Motors
Hydrodynamic Lubrication Diagram
Metal Surface
=================
Lubricant Film
-----------------
Moving Surface
2. Boundary Lubrication
Boundary Lubrication तब होता है जब Load अधिक हो और Speed कम हो। ऐसी स्थिति में Thick Lubricant Film नहीं बन पाती।
Lubricant केवल एक पतली Molecular Layer बनाता है जो सतहों को अलग रखने का प्रयास करती है।
Working Principle
Lubricant Molecules Metal Surface पर Adsorb होकर एक Protective Layer बनाते हैं।
यह Layer Friction तथा Wear को कम करती है।
Characteristics
- Thin Lubricant Film
- Partial Metal Contact
- Moderate Friction
- Moderate Wear
Advantages
- Works Under Moderate Load
- Good Surface Protection
- Simple Lubrication System
Applications
- Automobile Engines
- Piston Rings
- Gears
- Machine Tools
Boundary Lubrication Diagram
Metal Surface
==============
Thin Molecular Film
--------------
Moving Surface
3. Extreme Pressure Lubrication
जब Load अत्यधिक अधिक हो तथा Temperature भी बहुत अधिक हो, तब सामान्य Lubricants कार्य नहीं कर पाते।
ऐसी स्थिति में Extreme Pressure Lubricants उपयोग किए जाते हैं।
Working Principle
Extreme Pressure Additives उच्च तापमान पर Metal Surface के साथ अभिक्रिया करके Protective Chemical Film बनाते हैं।
यह Film Surface Welding तथा Seizure को रोकती है।
Common Additives
- Sulphur Compounds
- Phosphorus Compounds
- Chlorinated Compounds
Characteristics
- High Load Capacity
- High Temperature Stability
- Excellent Surface Protection
- Prevents Metal Welding
Advantages
- Suitable for Heavy Machinery
- Reduces Severe Wear
- Improves Equipment Life
Applications
- Heavy Duty Gears
- Steel Rolling Mills
- Cutting Tools
- Mining Equipment
- Aircraft Engines
Extreme Pressure Lubrication Diagram
Metal Surface
==============
Chemical Protective Film
--------------
Moving Surface
🔹 Comparison of Lubrication Mechanisms
| Property | Hydrodynamic | Boundary | Extreme Pressure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Film Thickness | Thick | Thin | Chemical Film |
| Load Capacity | Low | Moderate | Very High |
| Metal Contact | No | Partial | Very Limited |
| Friction | Very Low | Moderate | Low |
| Applications | Bearings | Engines | Heavy Machinery |
🔹 Industrial Importance
- Automobile Industries
- Power Plants
- Steel Industries
- Aerospace Engineering
- Manufacturing Industries
- Heavy Machinery Systems
🔹 Viva Questions
- Mechanism of Lubrication क्या है?
- Hydrodynamic Lubrication क्या है?
- Boundary Lubrication कैसे कार्य करता है?
- Extreme Pressure Lubricants क्या होते हैं?
- EP Additives के उदाहरण दीजिए।
🔹 Exam Oriented Important Questions
- Mechanism of Lubrication को विस्तार से समझाइए।
- Hydrodynamic Lubrication का सिद्धांत समझाइए।
- Boundary Lubrication का वर्णन कीजिए।
- Extreme Pressure Lubrication क्या है?
- तीनों Lubrication Mechanisms की तुलना कीजिए।
🔹 Conclusion
Lubrication Mechanism मशीनों की कार्यक्षमता एवं आयु को बढ़ाने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। Operating Conditions के अनुसार Hydrodynamic, Boundary तथा Extreme Pressure Lubrication का चयन किया जाता है। इन सभी Mechanisms का उद्देश्य Friction, Wear तथा Heat Generation को कम करना है।
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