Hamiltonian Path and Hamiltonian Circuit in Discrete Mathematics in Hindi – Definition, Conditions, and Examples
Hamiltonian Path and Hamiltonian Circuit क्या हैं?
Graph Theory में Hamiltonian Path और Hamiltonian Circuit दो महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएं हैं। इन दोनों अवधारणाओं का नाम गणितज्ञ William Rowan Hamilton के नाम पर रखा गया है। इनका उपयोग Graph में Paths और Circuits को समझने के लिए किया जाता है।
Hamiltonian Path की परिभाषा (Definition of Hamiltonian Path)
Hamiltonian Path एक ऐसा Path है, जो Graph के प्रत्येक Vertex को केवल एक बार Visit करता है, लेकिन यह Path Closed नहीं होता।
Conditions for Hamiltonian Path (Hamiltonian Path की पहचान के नियम)
- Graph Connected होना चाहिए।
- Graph में प्रत्येक Vertex को केवल एक बार Visit किया जाता है।
- Initial और Final Vertices अलग-अलग हो सकते हैं।
Example of Hamiltonian Path:
मान लीजिए कि एक Graph में Vertices A, B, C, D, और E हैं। A → B → C → D → E एक Hamiltonian Path है।
Hamiltonian Circuit की परिभाषा (Definition of Hamiltonian Circuit)
Hamiltonian Circuit एक ऐसा Closed Path है, जो Graph के प्रत्येक Vertex को केवल एक बार Visit करता है और Initial Vertex पर वापस आता है।
Conditions for Hamiltonian Circuit (Hamiltonian Circuit की पहचान के नियम)
- Graph Connected होना चाहिए।
- Graph के प्रत्येक Vertex को केवल एक बार Visit किया जाता है।
- Initial और Final Vertices समान होते हैं।
Example of Hamiltonian Circuit:
मान लीजिए कि एक Graph में Vertices A, B, C, D, और E हैं। A → B → C → D → E → A एक Hamiltonian Circuit है।
Difference between Hamiltonian Path and Hamiltonian Circuit
Hamiltonian Path | Hamiltonian Circuit |
---|---|
Graph के प्रत्येक Vertex को एक बार Visit करता है, लेकिन यह Closed नहीं होता। | Graph के प्रत्येक Vertex को एक बार Visit करता है और Initial Vertex पर वापस आता है। |
Initial और Final Vertices अलग हो सकते हैं। | Initial और Final Vertices समान होते हैं। |
Applications of Hamiltonian Path and Circuit
Hamiltonian Path और Circuit का उपयोग विभिन्न क्षेत्रों में किया जाता है:
- Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP)
- DNA Sequencing
- Network Routing
- Game Design
- Scheduling Problems
Examples of Hamiltonian Path and Circuit in Real Life
- Hamiltonian Path: एक Salesperson को प्रत्येक शहर में एक बार Visit करना होता है, लेकिन वह यात्रा समाप्त करने के लिए वापस Starting Point पर नहीं जाता।
- Hamiltonian Circuit: एक Delivery Truck को सभी Cities को एक बार Cover करना है और अंत में Starting Point पर वापस आना है।
Conclusion
Hamiltonian Path और Hamiltonian Circuit Graph Theory में महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएं हैं। Hamiltonian Path प्रत्येक Vertex को एक बार Visit करता है, जबकि Hamiltonian Circuit एक Closed Path होता है। इनकी समझ Travelling Salesman Problem और Network Routing जैसी समस्याओं को हल करने में सहायक होती है।
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