Gaseous Fuels Notes | LPG, CNG, Producer Gas and Water Gas | Engineering Chemistry | RGPV BTech First Year
Gaseous Fuels (गैसीय ईंधन)
Engineering Chemistry में Gaseous Fuels को सबसे स्वच्छ एवं उच्च दक्षता वाले Fuels माना जाता है। आधुनिक Industries, Domestic Applications, Power Generation तथा Transportation Sector में Gaseous Fuels का व्यापक उपयोग किया जाता है। Solid तथा Liquid Fuels की तुलना में Gaseous Fuels अधिक Uniform Combustion, Better Heat Control तथा Low Pollution प्रदान करते हैं।
🔹 Gaseous Fuel क्या है?
वे Fuels जो सामान्य परिस्थितियों में गैस अवस्था में पाए जाते हैं तथा Combustion के दौरान Heat Energy उत्पन्न करते हैं, Gaseous Fuels कहलाते हैं।
🔹 Definition of Gaseous Fuel
"Gaseous fuels are combustible gases which produce heat energy upon combustion."
🔹 Characteristics of an Ideal Gaseous Fuel
- High Calorific Value
- Clean Combustion
- Easy Ignition
- Low Pollution
- Uniform Heating
- Easy Control of Flame
- No Ash Formation
- High Thermal Efficiency
🔹 Classification of Gaseous Fuels
1. Natural Gaseous Fuels
- Natural Gas
- CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)
2. Artificial Gaseous Fuels
- LPG
- Producer Gas
- Water Gas
- Coal Gas
- Biogas
🔹 Natural Gas
Natural Gas पृथ्वी के अंदर Petroleum Deposits के साथ पाई जाती है। इसका मुख्य घटक Methane (CH₄) होता है।
Composition of Natural Gas
| Component | Percentage |
|---|---|
| Methane (CH₄) | 80-95% |
| Ethane (C₂H₆) | 2-10% |
| Propane (C₃H₈) | 1-5% |
| Butane (C₄H₁₀) | Trace |
🔹 CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)
CNG, Natural Gas का Compressed Form है जिसे High Pressure पर संग्रहित किया जाता है।
Advantages of CNG
- Eco-Friendly Fuel
- Low Pollution
- High Octane Number
- Economical Fuel
- Clean Combustion
Applications
- Cars
- Buses
- Auto Rickshaws
- Commercial Vehicles
🔹 LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
LPG एक महत्वपूर्ण Commercial Fuel है जो मुख्य रूप से Propane तथा Butane का मिश्रण होता है।
Composition of LPG
- Propane (C₃H₈)
- Butane (C₄H₁₀)
Properties of LPG
- High Calorific Value
- Smokeless Fuel
- Easy Storage
- Clean Burning
Applications
- Domestic Cooking
- Industrial Heating
- Hotels and Restaurants
🔹 Producer Gas
Producer Gas एक Artificial Gaseous Fuel है जो Red Hot Coke अथवा Coal पर सीमित मात्रा में Air प्रवाहित करके प्राप्त किया जाता है।
Manufacture of Producer Gas
Reaction:
2C + O₂ → 2CO
C + O₂ → CO₂
CO₂ + C → 2CO
Composition of Producer Gas
| Gas | Approximate Percentage |
|---|---|
| CO | 25-30% |
| N₂ | 50-60% |
| H₂ | 10-15% |
| CO₂ | 3-5% |
Uses of Producer Gas
- Industrial Furnaces
- Glass Industry
- Steel Industry
🔹 Water Gas
Water Gas एक महत्वपूर्ण Industrial Fuel है जो Red Hot Coke पर Steam प्रवाहित करके प्राप्त किया जाता है।
Manufacture of Water Gas
Reaction:
C + H₂O → CO + H₂
यह Reaction Endothermic होती है।
Composition of Water Gas
| Gas | Percentage |
|---|---|
| CO | 50% |
| H₂ | 50% |
Uses of Water Gas
- Synthesis of Chemicals
- Industrial Heating
- Hydrogen Production
🔹 Difference Between Producer Gas and Water Gas
| Basis | Producer Gas | Water Gas |
|---|---|---|
| Raw Material | Air + Coke | Steam + Coke |
| Main Components | CO + N₂ | CO + H₂ |
| Calorific Value | Low | High |
| Heating Value | Lower | Higher |
🔹 Advantages of Gaseous Fuels
- Complete Combustion
- No Ash Formation
- Easy Transportation through Pipelines
- High Efficiency
- Low Maintenance Cost
- Better Temperature Control
🔹 Disadvantages of Gaseous Fuels
- Storage Difficulty
- Explosion Risk
- Special Equipment Required
- Pipeline Infrastructure Needed
🔹 Comparison of Fuels
| Property | Solid Fuel | Liquid Fuel | Gaseous Fuel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Efficiency | Low | Moderate | High |
| Combustion | Poor | Good | Excellent |
| Pollution | High | Moderate | Low |
| Ash Formation | High | Low | Nil |
🔹 Industrial Applications
- Power Plants
- Chemical Industries
- Steel Industries
- Domestic Cooking
- Automobile Sector
- Furnace Heating
🔹 Viva Questions
- Gaseous Fuel क्या है?
- CNG का Full Form क्या है?
- LPG की Composition क्या है?
- Producer Gas कैसे बनती है?
- Water Gas क्या है?
🔹 Exam Oriented Important Questions
- Gaseous Fuels का वर्गीकरण कीजिए।
- LPG तथा CNG का वर्णन कीजिए।
- Producer Gas के निर्माण एवं उपयोग लिखिए।
- Water Gas के निर्माण की प्रक्रिया समझाइए।
- Producer Gas तथा Water Gas में अंतर लिखिए।
🔹 Conclusion
Gaseous Fuels आधुनिक ऊर्जा प्रणालियों में अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं। LPG, CNG, Producer Gas तथा Water Gas जैसे Fuels उच्च दक्षता, कम प्रदूषण तथा बेहतर Combustion Characteristics प्रदान करते हैं। इसलिए Industrial एवं Domestic Applications में इनका उपयोग लगातार बढ़ रहा है।
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