Computer Networks Notes | Basic Computer Engineering | RGPV BTech First Year

Computer Networks Notes | Basic Computer Engineering | RGPV BTech First Year


Computer Networks

Computer Network рджреЛ рдпрд╛ рджреЛ рд╕реЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХ Computers рддрдерд╛ Devices рдХрд╛ рдРрд╕рд╛ рд╕рдореВрд╣ рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬреЛ Communication Links рдХреЗ рдорд╛рдзреНрдпрдо рд╕реЗ рдЖрдкрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдЬреБрдбрд╝реЗ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдФрд░ Data рддрдерд╛ Resources рдХреЛ Share рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ рд╕рдордп рдореЗрдВ Networking Technology Banking, Education, Healthcare, Cloud Computing рддрдерд╛ Business Operations рдХрд╛ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░ рдмрди рдЪреБрдХреА рд╣реИред


Introduction

рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ Computers рд╕реНрд╡рддрдВрддреНрд░ рд░реВрдк рд╕реЗ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдп рдХрд░рддреЗ рдереЗ рдФрд░ Data Sharing рдХрдард┐рди рдерд╛ред Networking Technology рдХреЗ рд╡рд┐рдХрд╛рд╕ рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж Computers рдХреЛ рдЖрдкрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдЬреЛрдбрд╝рдирд╛ рд╕рдВрднрд╡ рд╣реБрдЖред Computer Networks рдХреЗ рдорд╛рдзреНрдпрдо рд╕реЗ Files, Printers, Applications рддрдерд╛ Internet Connections рдХреЛ Share рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИред

рдЖрдЬ рд▓рдЧрднрдЧ рд╕рднреА Organizations рдЕрдкрдиреЗ Operations рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП Networks рдХрд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИрдВред Computer Networks Communication рдХреЛ рддреЗрдЬ, рд╕реБрд░рдХреНрд╖рд┐рдд рддрдерд╛ рдкреНрд░рднрд╛рд╡реА рдмрдирд╛рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред


Definition of Computer Network

Computer Network Interconnected Devices рдХрд╛ рдПрдХ рд╕рдореВрд╣ рд╣реИ рдЬреЛ Communication Protocols рдХрд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд░рдХреЗ Data Exchange рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред

Computer Network = Interconnected Devices + Communication Protocols


Objectives of Networking

  • Resource Sharing
  • Data Communication
  • Information Exchange
  • Remote Access
  • Cost Reduction
  • Centralized Management

Characteristics of Computer Networks

  • High Connectivity
  • Data Sharing
  • Reliability
  • Scalability
  • Security Support
  • Resource Optimization

Components of Computer Network

  1. Computers
  2. Network Interface Card (NIC)
  3. Transmission Media
  4. Switch
  5. Router
  6. Hub
  7. Server
  8. Protocols

Types of Computer Networks

  1. LAN (Local Area Network)
  2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
  3. WAN (Wide Area Network)

1. LAN (Local Area Network)

LAN рдЫреЛрдЯреЗ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдЬреИрд╕реЗ Office, School рдпрд╛ Building рдореЗрдВ Computers рдХреЛ рдЬреЛрдбрд╝рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред

  • High Speed
  • Low Cost
  • Easy Management

2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

MAN рдПрдХ рд╢рд╣рд░ рдпрд╛ рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдореЗрдВ Network Connectivity рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред

  • City Wide Coverage
  • Moderate Cost
  • High Capacity

3. WAN (Wide Area Network)

WAN рдмрдбрд╝реЗ рднреМрдЧреЛрд▓рд┐рдХ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реНрдерд┐рдд Networks рдХреЛ рдЬреЛрдбрд╝рддрд╛ рд╣реИред

  • Global Connectivity
  • Internet Based Communication
  • Large Coverage Area

Network Topologies

  • Bus Topology
  • Star Topology
  • Ring Topology
  • Mesh Topology
  • Tree Topology
Topology Advantage
Star Easy Maintenance
Bus Low Cost
Ring Orderly Communication
Mesh High Reliability

Network Devices

Device Function
Hub Broadcast Data
Switch Forward Data Efficiently
Router Connect Different Networks
Modem Internet Connectivity

Network Protocols

  • TCP/IP
  • HTTP
  • HTTPS
  • FTP
  • SMTP

Protocols Communication рдХреЗ рдирд┐рдпрдо рдирд┐рд░реНрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред


Advantages of Computer Networks

  • Resource Sharing
  • Fast Communication
  • Data Backup
  • Cost Saving
  • Centralized Control
  • Remote Access

Limitations

  • Security Risks
  • Network Failure
  • Maintenance Cost
  • Virus Propagation

Applications of Computer Networks

  • Internet Access
  • Email Communication
  • Cloud Computing
  • Online Education
  • E-Commerce
  • Video Conferencing
  • Banking Systems
  • Healthcare Systems

LAN vs MAN vs WAN

Feature LAN MAN WAN
Coverage Small Area City Worldwide
Speed High Medium Variable
Cost Low Medium High

Industrial Importance

  • Cloud Infrastructure
  • Enterprise Communication
  • Banking Networks
  • Telecommunication Systems
  • Remote Work Solutions
  • Data Centers

Viva Questions

  1. What is a Computer Network?
  2. What is LAN?
  3. What is MAN?
  4. What is WAN?
  5. What is a Router?
  6. What is a Switch?
  7. What is Network Topology?
  8. What is TCP/IP?
  9. Difference between Hub and Switch?
  10. What are Network Protocols?

Exam Oriented Important Questions

  1. Define Computer Network.
  2. Explain Types of Computer Networks.
  3. Discuss Network Topologies.
  4. Explain Network Devices.
  5. Differentiate between LAN, MAN and WAN.
  6. What are Network Protocols?
  7. Describe Applications of Computer Networks.

Conclusion

Computer Networks рдЖрдзреБрдирд┐рдХ Information Technology рдХрд╛ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░ рд╣реИрдВред рдпреЗ Data Sharing, Resource Utilization рддрдерд╛ Global Communication рдХреЛ рд╕рдВрднрд╡ рдмрдирд╛рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред Networking рдХрд╛ рдЬреНрдЮрд╛рди рдкреНрд░рддреНрдпреЗрдХ Engineering Student рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрддреНрдпрдВрдд рдЖрд╡рд╢реНрдпрдХ рд╣реИ рдХреНрдпреЛрдВрдХрд┐ рд╡рд░реНрддрдорд╛рди Digital Infrastructure рдкреВрд░реА рддрд░рд╣ Networks рдкрд░ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░рд┐рдд рд╣реИред

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