Classification of Polymers Notes | Types of Polymers | Engineering Chemistry | RGPV BTech First Year
Classification of Polymers (पॉलिमर्स का वर्गीकरण)
Engineering Chemistry में Polymers का वर्गीकरण अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण विषय है। विभिन्न Polymers के गुण, संरचना, निर्माण विधि तथा उपयोग अलग-अलग होते हैं। इनकी विशेषताओं को समझने के लिए Polymers को विभिन्न आधारों पर वर्गीकृत किया जाता है।
Polymer Industry में Material Selection, Product Design तथा Industrial Applications के लिए Polymer Classification का विशेष महत्व है।
🔹 Polymer Classification क्या है?
Polymers को उनकी उत्पत्ति, संरचना, Molecular Forces, Polymerization Mechanism तथा Thermal Behavior के आधार पर विभिन्न समूहों में विभाजित करने की प्रक्रिया को Polymer Classification कहते हैं।
🔹 Classification of Polymers
Polymers को मुख्य रूप से निम्न आधारों पर वर्गीकृत किया जाता है:
- Based on Source
- Based on Structure
- Based on Polymerization Method
- Based on Molecular Forces
- Based on Thermal Behaviour
🔹 1. Classification Based on Source
(A) Natural Polymers
जो Polymers प्रकृति में प्राकृतिक रूप से पाए जाते हैं उन्हें Natural Polymers कहते हैं।
Examples
- Cellulose
- Starch
- Natural Rubber
- Proteins
- DNA
Applications
- Food Industry
- Paper Industry
- Medical Applications
(B) Semi-Synthetic Polymers
Natural Polymers के Chemical Modification द्वारा प्राप्त Polymers को Semi-Synthetic Polymers कहते हैं।
Examples
- Rayon
- Cellulose Acetate
- Cellulose Nitrate
(C) Synthetic Polymers
जो Polymers Laboratory अथवा Industry में Chemical Synthesis द्वारा बनाए जाते हैं उन्हें Synthetic Polymers कहते हैं।
Examples
- PVC
- Teflon
- Nylon
- Bakelite
- Polyethylene
🔹 Comparison Based on Source
| Type | Source | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Natural | Nature | Starch, Cellulose |
| Semi-Synthetic | Modified Natural Polymer | Rayon |
| Synthetic | Chemical Industry | PVC, Nylon |
🔹 2. Classification Based on Structure
(A) Linear Polymers
इनमें Monomer Units सीधी श्रृंखला (Straight Chain) में जुड़े रहते हैं।
Examples
- HDPE
- PVC
- Nylon-6,6
Properties
- High Density
- High Strength
- Good Packing
(B) Branched Chain Polymers
इनमें मुख्य Chain के साथ Side Chains भी जुड़ी रहती हैं।
Examples
- LDPE
Properties
- Low Density
- Less Crystalline
- Flexible Nature
(C) Cross Linked Polymers
इनमें विभिन्न Polymer Chains आपस में Cross Links द्वारा जुड़ी रहती हैं।
Examples
- Bakelite
- Melamine
- Epoxy Resins
Properties
- Hard Structure
- Heat Resistant
- High Strength
🔹 Structure Based Comparison
| Type | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Linear | Straight Chain | PVC |
| Branched | Side Chains Present | LDPE |
| Cross Linked | Network Structure | Bakelite |
🔹 3. Classification Based on Polymerization Method
Addition Polymers
जो Addition Polymerization द्वारा बनते हैं।
Examples
- Polyethylene
- PVC
- Teflon
Condensation Polymers
जो Condensation Polymerization द्वारा बनते हैं।
Examples
- Nylon-6,6
- Polyester
- Bakelite
🔹 4. Classification Based on Molecular Forces
(A) Elastomers
Highly Elastic Polymers को Elastomers कहते हैं।
Examples
- Natural Rubber
- Buna-S
- Neoprene
(B) Fibers
Strong Intermolecular Forces वाले Polymers Fibers कहलाते हैं।
Examples
- Nylon
- Polyester
- Rayon
(C) Thermoplastics
Heating पर Soft तथा Cooling पर Hard होने वाले Polymers।
Examples
- PVC
- Polyethylene
- PMMA
(D) Thermosetting Polymers
एक बार Heat करने पर स्थायी रूप से Hard हो जाने वाले Polymers।
Examples
- Bakelite
- Melamine
- Epoxy Resin
🔹 5. Classification Based on Thermal Behaviour
| Property | Thermoplastics | Thermosetting Polymers |
|---|---|---|
| Heating Effect | Softens | Permanent Hardening |
| Recycling | Possible | Not Possible |
| Structure | Linear | Cross Linked |
| Examples | PVC, PMMA | Bakelite |
🔹 Importance of Polymer Classification
- Material Selection
- Product Design
- Industrial Manufacturing
- Quality Control
- Research and Development
🔹 Industrial Applications
- Automobile Industry
- Packaging Industry
- Electrical Engineering
- Construction Industry
- Medical Devices
- Aerospace Components
🔹 Viva Questions
- Polymer Classification क्या है?
- Natural Polymer का उदाहरण दीजिए।
- Linear Polymer क्या है?
- Thermoplastic क्या है?
- Thermosetting Polymer क्या है?
🔹 Exam Oriented Important Questions
- Polymers का वर्गीकरण कीजिए।
- Natural, Semi-Synthetic तथा Synthetic Polymers में अंतर लिखिए।
- Linear, Branched तथा Cross Linked Polymers का वर्णन कीजिए।
- Thermoplastics तथा Thermosetting Polymers में अंतर लिखिए।
- Molecular Forces के आधार पर Polymers का वर्गीकरण कीजिए।
🔹 Conclusion
Polymers का वर्गीकरण उनकी संरचना, उत्पत्ति, Polymerization Mechanism तथा Thermal Properties को समझने में सहायता करता है। यह Classification Industrial Applications तथा Material Selection के लिए अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है।
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